英语定语从句总结
总结是在某一时期、某一项目或某些工作告一段落或者全部完成后进行回顾检查、分析评价,从而得出教训和一些规律性认识的一种书面材料,他能够提升我们的书面表达能力,是时候写一份总结了。但是却发现不知道该写些什么,以下是小编精心整理的英语定语从句总结,欢迎大家借鉴与参考,希望对大家有所帮助。
英语定语从句总结1
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, xxxch等。
关系副词有:when, where, why等。
1.关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) Whose用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of xxxch互换),例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of xxxch) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)xxxch, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity xxxch / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(xxxch / that在句中作宾语)
The package (xxxch / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(xxxch / that在句中作宾语)
2.关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于_介词+ xxxch_结构,因此常常和_介词+ xxxch_结构交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on xxxch) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in xxxch) I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for xxxch) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和_介词+ xxxch_引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in xxxch) he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in xxxch) he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
3.判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一:用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出。)
(错)This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错)I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对)This is the mountain village (xxxch) I visited last year.
(对)I'll never forget the days (xxxch) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on xxxch D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on xxxch D. the one
答案:例1 D,例2 A
例1变为肯定句:This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句:This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on xxxch都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D.
而句2中,主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因in the museum词组,可用介词in + xxxch引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on用的不对,所以选A.
关系词的。选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词(who, whom, that, xxxch, whose);先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词( where地点状语,when时间状语,why原因状语) .
4.限制性和非限制性定语从句
1)定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如:
This is the house xxxch we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
The house, xxxch we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
2)当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. xxxxxx去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
My house, xxxch I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, xxxch I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
3)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, xxxch greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, xxxch is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
5.介词+关系词
1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2)that前不能有介词。
3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的_介词+关系词_结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。
This is the house in xxxch I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on xxxch you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
whichch非限定性定语从句
由as, xxxch引导的'非限定性定语从句,as和xxxch可代整个主句,相当于and this或and一般放在句首,xxxch在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, xxxch is very important to us.
典型例题
1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. xxxch D. he
答案C.此为非限定性从句,不能用that修饰,而用xxxch.,it和he都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. xxxch C. that D. it
答案可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而what不可。That不能用于非限定性定语从句,it不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. xxxch C. as D. it
答案B.
as和xxxch在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点:
(1)as引导的定语从句可置于句首,而xxxch不可。
(2)as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用xxxch..
在本题中,prevent由于是行为动词,所以正确选项应为B.
As的用法
例1. the same… as;such…as中的as是一种固定结构,和……一样…….
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引导非限制性从句,常带有'正如'.
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语;例2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式。
英语定语从句总结2
在复合句中起定语作用、修饰某一名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,被修饰的`名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句由关系代词(that, xxxch , who, whom等)和关系副词(when, where, why等)引导,位于先行词之后。关系代词在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或定语。在这里我们只简单介绍关系代词在定语从句中的用法:
1、先行词指物时,关系代词常用that或xxxch。如:
China is a country xxxch/that has a long history. 中国是个具有悠久历史的国家。(xxxch/that代替先行词country,在从句中作主语。)
I always remember the stories xxxch/that my mother told me during my childhood.我总是记得童年时母亲给我讲的故事。(xxxch/that代替先行词stories,在从句中作told的宾语。)
2、先行词指人时,关系代词用who,whom,whose或that。
The students who studies hard is not afraid of the examination.学习用功的学生不怕考试。(who代替先行词student,在从句中作主语。)
This is the girl who/whom you want to see.这就是你想见的那个女孩。(who/whom代替先行词girl,并在从句中作see的宾语。)
This is the boy whose bag was lost yesterday.这就是昨天丢失了书包的那个男孩。(whose代替the boy's,在从句中作定语。)
英语定语从句总结3
要学定语从句,得知道什么是定语。定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的。例如,a good book, good就是定语。那么复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句就叫做定语从句。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导,相当于形容词,在句中作定语。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, xxxch, who, whom, whose等,绝对没有what;关系副词有where, when, why,how等。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的某个成分。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
1、由who, whom, that,Whose引导的从句
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,who作主语指人,whom作宾语指人,that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。Whose用来指人或物,只用作定语。
(1)Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
(2)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
(3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师
(4)he man whose son is a doctor is our professor.那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的.教授。
2、由xxxch, that引导的从句
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,作宾语时可以省略,例如:
(1)Prosperity xxxch / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(xxxch / that在从句中作主语)
(2)The package (xxxch / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(xxxch / that在从句中作宾语)
注意:代表物时多用xxxch,但在下列情况中用that而不用xxxch:
a)先行词是anything, everything, nothing,none等不定代词时;
b)先行词由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时,这时的that常被省略;
c)先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时;
d)先行词中既有人又有物时;
e)整个句中前面已有xxxch,who,that时;
f)当先行词为物并作表语时;
g)先行词为one时;
h)先行词同时又被the only,the very,the same修饰时;
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
1、when指时间在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
2、where指地点在定语从句中做地点状语Shanghai is the city where I was born.
3、why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语,用在reason后面。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
常见考法
对于定语从句的考查,多以单选的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。一般情况下,常从关系词的意义和功能的角度考查,重点是that,xxxch,who引导的定语从句。
典型例题:
You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.
A. who B. whom C. whom D. who
解析:先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为,whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略。第二个从句who could do在从句中作主语,不可省略。
答案:D
误区提醒
当表示时间或地点的名词作先行词时,要判断出它们在从句中作状语还是主语或宾语。作状语时用关系副词,反之用关系代词。
典型例题:
I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. when; xxxch B. xxxch; when C. what; that D. on xxxch; when
解析:两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when.第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词xxxch或that来引导定语从句。
答案:A
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